![]() ![]() Alginate is known to be rich in carboxyl and hydroxyl groups distributed along the backbone, making it open to chemical functionalization and cross-linking treatment. The percentage of M and G blocks and their distribution has an impact on the physicochemical properties of alginate, such as alginate of rich M units displays a flexible structure and better biocompatibility, while alginate of enriched G units exhibits a rigid molecular structure. The molecular chain is arranged in an irregular blockwise pattern of varying proportions of G-G, M-G and M-M blocks, shown in Figure 1. Alginate is a linear polymer polysaccharide composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M block) and α-L-guluronic acid (G block) jointed by 1,4-linkages, which is extracted from either brown algae or some genera of bacteria. In recent years, alginate has become one of the most preferred materials as an abundant natural biopolymer. ![]() This review assists in better design and preparation of the alginate bio-based fiber and puts forward new perspectives for further study on alginate fiber, which can benefit the future development of the booming eco-friendly marine biomass polysaccharide fiber. ![]() This article gives a comprehensive overview of research on calcium alginate fiber, starting from the fabrication technique of wet spinning and microfluidic spinning, followed by a detailed description of the moisture absorption ability, biocompatibility and intrinsic fire-resistant performance of calcium alginate fiber, and briefly introduces its corresponding applications in biomaterials, fire-retardant and other advanced materials that have been extensively studied over the past decade. Owing to its high hygroscopicity, biocompatibility, nontoxicity and non-flammability, calcium alginate fiber has found a variety of potential applications. As a natural linear polysaccharide, alginate can be gelled into calcium alginate fiber and exploited for functional material applications. ![]()
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